What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials?
d) the criminal justice system
Read the four statements below. Which comes closest to the correct view of the role of biology in causing people to commit crimes?
c) Biological factors may affect behavior, but research puts greater emphasis on social influences.
Which of the following are functions of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim?
a) Deviance affirms cultural values and norms.
b) Responding to deviance promotes social unity.
c) Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries.
d) All of these are correct.
Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone who made a lot of money breaking the law?
Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a school "dropout" who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them?
Using the terms in Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a radical activist who rejects just about everything in the existing society in favor of some alternative system?
Using Robert Merton's strain theory, how would you classify a low-paid, yet compulsively conforming bank teller who never seems to want to get ahead but never seems to do anything wrong?
The basic idea behind labeling theory is that
b) deviance arise not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do
Which of the following statements illustrates the "medicalization of deviance?"
a) Theft being redefined as "compulsive stealing."
b) Drinking too much being redefined as "alcoholism."
c) promiscuity being redefined as "sexual addiction."
d) All of these are correct
Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be MOST likely to engage in deviance?
c) youngsters who "hang out" waiting for something to happen
Using a Marxist approach, Steven Spitzer claims that prime targets for deviant labeling include
a) people who try to take the property of others
b) people who do not want to work for a living
c) radicals who call for basic change in society itself
Which of the following concepts refers to crime committed by persons of high social position during the course of their occupations?